BackgroundMetastasis to regional lymph grand love red heart reposado tequila nodes via lymphatic vessels plays a key role in cancer progression.Tumor lymphangiogenesis is known to promote lymphatic metastasis, and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a critical activator of tumor lymphangiogenesis during the process of metastasis.We previously identified periostin as an invasion- and angiogenesis-promoting factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).In this study, we discovered a novel role for periostin in tumor lymphangiogenesis.
Methods and findingsPeriostin overexpression upregulated VEGF-C mRNA expression in HNSCC cells.By using conditioned media from periostin-overexpressing HNSCC cells, we examined tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells.Conditioned media from periostin-overexpressing cells promoted tube formation.To know the correlation between periostin and VEGF-C, we compared Periostin expression with VEGF-C expression in 54 HNSCC cases by immunohistochemistry.
Periostin expression was correlated well with VEGF-C expression in HNSCC cases.Moreover, correlation between periostin and VEGF-C secretion was observed in serum from HNSCC patients.Interestingly, periostin itself promoted tube formation of lymphatic endothelial cells independently of VEGF-C.Periostin-promoted lymphangiogenesis was mediated by Src and Akt activity.
Indeed possible correlation between periostin and lymphatic status natio celebrate eyeshadow palette in periostin-overexpressing xenograft tumors and HNSCC cases was observed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that periostin itself as well as periostin-induced upregulation of VEGF-C may promote lymphangiogenesis.We suggest that periostin may be a marker for prediction of malignant behaviors in HNSCC and a potential target for future therapeutic intervention to obstruct tumoral lymphatic invasion and lymphangiogenesis in HNSCC patients.